The yield and quality of plants are reduced by a wide array of plant diseases a plant disease is the complex of symptoms caused by a pathogen on a plant. The disease is quite common in india, and occurs on about three week old plants. View and download powerpoint presentations on plant diseases classification ppt. A detailed project on plant diseases,causes, symptoms and control measures with. Ppt plant diseases powerpoint presentation free to. This fungal pathogen has been associated with 338 confirmed human. The classification of bacteria, fungi, and viruses is somewhat involved and is given here as a background for the specific descriptions in chapter 4. There are many plant diseases caused by fungi, like mildew, smuts, rusts, etc. Fungal diseases are caused by fungi, which are small organisms.
Communicable plant diseases and plant health part i. An introductory video microlecture that gives an insight into plant diseases caused by various causal agents. Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, viruslike organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Some of fungal diseases can cause up to 100% loss in crops. Fungi are parasites that do significant damage to plants and particularly cultivated plants. Factors involved in differentiation and functioning of the organs are target of fungicides. Collectively, fungi and fungal like organisms flos cause more plant diseases than any other group of plant pest with over 8,000 species shown. Fungi and plant disease gardening solutions university of.
Study 34 terms chapter 24 fungi flashcards quizlet. Ppt fungi powerpoint presentation free to download. In plants, fungal diseases are common and can be devastating. Most plant diseases are caused by fungi and most of them tend to become a problem, especially during the wet weather season. At the end of this lecture the student should be able to.
Georgetta seidel definitions mycologistsscientists who study fungi mycologyscientific discipline dealing with fungi mycoses diseases caused in animals by fungi. Georgetta seidel definitions mycologistsscientists who study fungi mycologyscientific discipline dealing with fungi mycosesdiseases caused in animals by fungi. The plant diseases described in this handbook are caused by bacteria, fungi, nematodes, a few seed plants such as dodder, mistletoe, and witchweed, viruses, physiological disturbances, and air and water pollutants. Diagnostic tests for identification of biotic causal agents. Fungi are eukaryotes with cell walls that give them their shape. One living organism found to inhabit the xylem and. Phytopathogenic fungi an overview sciencedirect topics. Many plant diseases are caused by pathogens, disease causing agents are called pathogens. The following points highlight the four main diseases caused by virus in plants. Damicone extension plant pathologist lynn brandenberger extension vegetable crops specialist diseases of tomato caused by bacteria, viruses and nematodes can be severe, reduce tomato yield and quality and generally are more difficult to control than those caused by fungi. You are welcome to adapt the slides in this presentation to suit your teaching style. Protozoa are one celled and the simplest form of animal life. Plant disease and its importance next end plant disease, an impairment of the normal state of a plant that interrupts or modifies its vital functions. Role of insects in bacterial diseases of plants in most plant diseases caused by plant pathogenic bacteria especially in those that cause spots, cankers, blights, galls, or soft rots, bacteria, which are produced within or between plant cells, escape to the surface of their host plants as droplets or masses of sticky exudates ooze.
A plant disease can also be defined as any problem with the plant that leads to a reduction in yield or appearance. Common symptoms caused by fungi include leaf spots, wilts, blights, cankers, fruit rots, and dieback. A brief list of plant diseases caused by fungi gardenerdy. Common diseases of tomatoes part ii diseases caused by. The subsequent multiplication and blockage prevents. Thus the causative microorganism of rust of wheat disease is fungus. This plant disease is caused by tobacco mosaic virus tmv. To diagnose plant diseases effectively, it is necessary to understand the biology of the microorganisms that cause them. Mild fungal skin diseases can look like a rash and are very common. Common plant diseases and pests north dakota state. Plant diseases plant disease is an impairment of normal state of a plant that interrupts or modifies its vital functions. Bacterial diseases can be grouped into four broad categories based on the extent of damage to plant tissue and the symptoms that they cause, which may include vascular wilt, necrosis, soft rot, and tumours. Guidelines for identification and management of plant. Because of the shear number of plant diseases caused by fungi and the huge diversity in how plant pathogenic fungi cause disease, it is.
Development and severity depend greatly on the presence of a film of water on the plant tissue and on high humidity in air. Insects such as leafhopper and psyllids cause injuries to the potato that are often confused with diseases caused by infectious organisms. Causes of plant diseases plant diseases are caused by both infectious fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes and non infectious agents mineral deficiency, sun burns etc. They are responsible for a great deal of damage and are characterized by wilting, scabs, moldy coatings, rusts, blotches and rotted tissue. Mar, 2017 most plant diseases are caused by fungi and most of them tend to become a problem, especially during the wet weather season. Also can cause wheat rust which affects wheat fields. Many plant diseases are caused by pathogens,disease causing agents are called pathogens. Damping off this is a disease that infects the seedling of the plant, caused by different fungi pythium and phytophthora being some of them. Fungi are microscopic organisms that reproduce by means of spores. Common diseases of vegetable crops and their management olufemi j. A major problem in identification of biotic causal agents is the inability of some infectious pathogens to grow on artificial media. Diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and nematodes john p.
It has another claim to fame as the first virus imaged with an electron microscope. It is often difficult to determine the cause of fungal diseases, because bacteria cause a secondary infection and are often erroneously identified as fungi. Control of phytopathogenic fungi is important for plant protection, particularly in humid climate like in japan, where plant diseases cause serious damage to crop production. However, the majority of plant diseases are caused by two main groups of fungusthose from phylum ascomycota and phylum basidiomycota. Ppt plant disease and its importance powerpoint presentation free to download id. They develop in humid conditions and are often microscopic, growing on both living and dead plant tissues. Ppt plant diseases powerpoint presentation free to download id. Fungi and plant disease gardening solutions university. Ppt fungi powerpoint presentation free to download id.
Here is a list of eight major plant diseases caused by fungi. There are many classifications of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, with numerous disagreements among mycologists, bacteriologists, virologists and plant pathologists. Collectively, fungi and fungallike organisms flos cause more plant diseases than any other group of plant pest with over 8,000 species shown. Since this blight occurs earlier than the late blight of potato caused by phytophthora infestans, it is called early. Fungal diseases and their control australasian plant pathology. Vascular wilt results from the bacterial invasion of the plants vascular system. Lesson 9 diseases caused by fungi and protists default. Plant diseases can be classified as infectious or noninfectious, depending on the causative agent. They are actually cells that consist of a membranebound nucleus and are devoid. The project explains in brief fungal and bacterial and and the. However, over 20,000 species of fungi are parasites and cause disease in crops and plants usepa 2005. Parasites are also increasingly being considered of equal importance with predators for ecosystem functioning.
This lesson planpowerpoint presentation contains all the activities and resources within one file. Fungal parasites are by far the most prevalent plant. Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and. Fungi are responsible for approximately twothird of the infectious plant diseases. For additional information on symptoms that can result from fungal infections, refer to table 1. Fungal diseases of plants, animals, and humans have altered tree population diversity and. Like any other living organisms, algae are plagued by diseases caused by fungi, protists, bacteria or viruses. Fungi live outdoors in soil and on plants and trees as well as on many indoor surfaces and on human skin. Communicable plant diseases introduction british society for.
Papavizas biocontrol of plant diseases laboratory, plant sciences institute, agricultural research service, usda, beltsville, maryland 20705, usa abstract keywords more than 50% of crop loss in the united states is due to diseases caused by microbes inhabiting the soil. Plant disease and its importance plant disease symptoms description and causes examples. Common diseases of vegetable crops and their management. Most plant diseases around 85 percent are caused by fungal or fungallike organisms. These microorganisms include fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Fungal spores are spread by agents such as water and wind to other plants. The disease causing agents in plants are called plant pathogens and the. Signs, symptoms and effects of plant diseases plant diseases a plant disease is any abnormal condition that alters the appearance or function of a plant.
They develop in humid conditions and are often microscopic, growing on both living and dead. Anthracnoseit is a disease caused by colletotrichum or gloeosporium fungi which occur in warm and humid areas. A plant disease caused by a fungal pathogen is often recognisable from the particular plant organ infected and the type of symptom produced. Many phytopathogenic fungi make infectionspecific organs. Fungi about 85% of plant diseases are caused by fungi. As aquaculture continues to rise worldwide, pathogens of nori or biofuel sources are becoming a significant economic burden.
Cooperative extension service university of kentucky college. Our concentration here will be on parasitic diseases c those caused by microorganisms that can be seen only with a microscope. Microorganisms that cause plant diseases include nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and mycoplasmas. Fungal cells can grow as a multicellular filaments called moulds or as single cells or chains of cells called yeast. Most fungi are not dangerous, but some types can be harmful to health. Potato diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, a viroid, nematode m festations, and by abiotic, or noninfectious, entities. Sep 21, 2017 fungi are parasites that do significant damage to plants and particularly cultivated plants. It also briefly describes disease management strategies in field crops. Fungi in ascomycota are commonly called sac fungi and include these species. It infects the seed and decays it, thus affecting the growth and vigor of the whole plant.
It is known to occur in all tobacco growing countries of the. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about plant diseases classification ppt. This page is designed to help identify some of the more common plant diseases and provides earthfriendly solutions see organic. This is the seventh fact sheet in a series of ten designed to provide an overview of key concepts in plant pathology. Fungal cells can grow as a multicellular filaments called moulds or as single cells or. Plant pathology also phytopathology is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens infectious organisms and environmental conditions physiological factors. Spores form and are released from the gills under the mushroom cap which is how a mushroom reproduces. Disease causing microorganism in plants class 8, micro. Disease causing microorganism in plants some of the common plant diseases caused by microorganism are. Cooperative extension service university of kentucky. The virus spreads through entry into breaks of cell walls caused by insects or other physical damage. Rust of wheat, citrus canker,yellow vein mosaic of bhindi 1the plant disease called rust of wheat is caused by fungi. Aphids spread it, and they cause physical damage to the plant, which allows entry of the virus via wind, splashing or dripping sap.
Plant pathology is the study of plant disease including the reasons why plants get sick and how to control or manage healthy plants. Generally, an ebook can be downloaded in five minutes or less. Dec 19, 2012 familiarity with the way plant diseases are visually identified can help you diagnose problems. Diseases like powdery mildew, cercospora leaf spot, take all root rot, and anthracnose are caused by different fungal species. Only those with cell wall containing chitin are classified as true fungi. These pathogens can be spread from an infected plant or plant debris to a healthy plant. Fungi belong to a large and diverse group of microorganisms. Descriptions of pathogens about 85 percent of plant diseases are caused by fungi. Fungi can attack plants through any openings such as its own stomata or through wounds caused by pruning, insects, or diseases. Antifungal drugs are usually effective against skin fungi eg. Fungi can cause diseases such as corn smut which destroys corn kernels.
Factors which affect plant diseases are microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, etc. Infectious plant diseases are caused by living biotic agents, or pathogens. Disease caused by fungi 1downy mildews downy mildew refers to any of several types of oomycete microbes that are obligate parasites of plants. The following is a list of some of the major plant diseases, grouped by type of causative agent and ordered alphabetically. Diseases caused by virus in plants with control measures.
However, other serious diseases of food and feed crops are caused by viral and bacterial organisms. This fungi ends up eating the plant from the inside out. Fungi cause a wide range of diseases including septoria leaf spot, powdery mildew, cedarapple rust, and. Fungi have no chlorophyll, and their cell walls are composed of chitin and other polysaccharides instead of cellulose, which composes plant cell walls. Infectious plant diseases are caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses and can range in severity from mild leaf or fruit damage to death. Content is for the new aqa gcse biology specification. Fungal diseases in the lungs are often similar to other illnesses such as the flu or tuberculosis. How the pathogen spreads 0 the late blight pathogen produces spores infective propagules during cool, wet weather 0 spores are microscopic and lemonshaped 0 moved by wind, especially during thunderstorms 0 requires 12 hrs leaf wetness to infect dew, mist, fog, rain 0 57 days from infection to symptoms and production of new spores 0 fragile, killed by hot dry weather and uv. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Disease fungi take their energy from the plants on which they live. Staff meeting presentation cornell plant disease diagnostic clinic. Biotic plant diseases abiotic 0nonliving factors 0 temperature 0 moisture 0 nutrition 0 toxicity 0 cultural biotic 0living factors 0 fungi 0 bacteria 0 viruses, viroids 0 nematodes 0 others. List of diseases in plants caused by viruses healthfully. Roughly 80 percent of all plant diseases come from fungi.
Insects and related organisms, such as mites, are frequently involved in the transmission of plant pathogens from one plant organ, or one plant, to another on which then the pathogens cause disease. Downy mildews exclusively belong to peronosporaceae. Extremely destructive fungal disease of potatoes attack both tubers. Plant disease, an impairment of the normal state of a plant that interrrupts or modifies its vital functions. Familiarity with the way plant diseases are visually identified can help you diagnose problems. It is offered as a guess that 3040% of the damage and losses caused by plant diseases is due to the direct or indirect effects of transmission. Plant pathology introduction plant diseases are important to humans, because they cause damage to plants and plant products. Association between the hyphae of certain fungi and the roots of most seed plants mycorhizzal fungal hyphae penetrate the spaces between root cell walls and grow into the plant roots plants receive. Fungal diseases are often caused by fungi that are common in the environment.
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